Lesbos adas\u0131nda do\u011fan ve tarihin ilk kad\u0131n \u015fairi olan Sappho, edebiyat ve LGBT tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip. “Lezbiyen” teriminin do\u011fmas\u0131na sebep olan Sappho hakk\u0131nda bilinmeyenler… \/ Erman Ertu\u011frul<\/p>\n
Sappho, tarihte bilinen ilk kad\u0131n \u015fairlerden biri. \u015eiirleri Horace ve Plato gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalardan bile \u00f6vg\u00fcler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan \u015fiirlerinin sadece par\u00e7alardan ibaret olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bilinen tek \u015fiiriyle \u00fcn\u00fc hala devam etmekte.
\nHakk\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a az detay bilinen Sappho, M\u00d6. 615 y\u0131l\u0131nda aristokrat bir aileden Lesbos adas\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Bir\u00e7ok karde\u015fi oldu\u011fu ve Cercylas ad\u0131nda zengin bir adamla evli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekte. Ve tabi ki \u015fiirlerinden de bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla Cleis ad\u0131nda bir k\u0131z\u0131 vard\u0131r. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu evlenmemi\u015f gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in kurdu\u011fu okulu y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Lesbos\u2019ta ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Sappho bir \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u015fair olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. 570 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu\u011fu yer olan Lesbos\u2019ta \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nSappho \u015fiirlerini lirik t\u00fcr\u00fcnde ve gizemli Aiol leh\u00e7esinde yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil Roma D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde art\u0131k kullan\u0131lmayan bir dildi ve Bizans D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde de \u015fiirleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden birinin de bu oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u015eiirlerinin akademik d\u00fcnyadan kaybolmas\u0131, katipler taraf\u0131ndan daha az \u00fcretilmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131 ve bu da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan eserlerinin bu denli az olmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u015fiirlerinin yaln\u0131zca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 okuyabiliyoruz ve eksik kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 tahminler yoluyla doldurabiliyoruz. Antik d\u00f6nemden kalan d\u00f6k\u00fcmanlar haricinde Sappho hakk\u0131nda bildiklerimiz olduk\u00e7a az. \u015eiirlerine otobiyografi g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak biraz yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Akademisyenler aras\u0131nda Sappho\u2019nun muhtemelen biseks\u00fcel oldu\u011fu ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc vard\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda Sappho ile ilgili g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en \u00e7ok bilinen (fakat kan\u0131tlanmayan) taraf\u0131 biseks\u00fcel taraf\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eiirlerinde t\u00fcm formlar\u0131yla g\u00fczelli\u011fi anlat\u0131yor ve her iki cinse kar\u015f\u0131 da a\u015fk \u015fiirleri yaz\u0131yordu. Bu y\u00fczden modern \u201clezbiyen\u201d kelimesinin k\u00f6keninin de Sappho\u2019ya dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. Sappho s\u0131k s\u0131k lezbiyen ya da Lesboslu olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Sapphic kelimesinin de e\u015fcinsel \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sappho hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey bilmiyor olabiliriz ama kendisi hakk\u0131nda yine de birka\u00e7 bilgimiz var. Belirli ortamlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleri, gezileri bize onun aristokrat bir aileden geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Pitakos \u00f6nderli\u011findeki isyan s\u0131ras\u0131nda Lesbos\u2019tan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Sicilya\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi\u011fini biliyoruz. Sicilya\u2019da yerel halk\u0131n onun gelmesinin \u015ferefine bir heykelini yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz.<\/p>\n
Sappho\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda romantik bir hikaye de var. Hikayeye g\u00f6re Sappho, Phaon ad\u0131ndaki bir kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131ya olan a\u015fk\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Leucadian kayal\u0131klar\u0131ndan atlayarak intihar etmi\u015f. Bu hikaye M\u00d6. 342-291 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Yunanl\u0131 oyun yazar\u0131 Menander\u2019den beri ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte fakat do\u011frulu\u011fundan hala emin olunamad\u0131.<\/p>\n
KAYNAK: www.radikal.com.tr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Lesbos adas\u0131nda do\u011fan ve tarihin ilk kad\u0131n \u015fairi olan Sappho, edebiyat ve LGBT tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip. “Lezbiyen” teriminin do\u011fmas\u0131na sebep olan Sappho hakk\u0131nda bilinmeyenler… \/ Erman Ertu\u011frul Sappho, tarihte bilinen ilk kad\u0131n \u015fairlerden biri. \u015eiirleri Horace ve Plato gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalardan bile \u00f6vg\u00fcler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan \u015fiirlerinin sadece par\u00e7alardan ibaret olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00fct\u00fcn …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,720,91,40,28],"tags":[119,1519,867],"class_list":["post-8154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-dunya","category-escinselyasam","category-haberler","category-kitap","category-pop","tag-lezbiyen","tag-sappho","tag-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8154"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8154\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gzone.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}